High BP minimizing having extra amounts away from potassium about variety out of 1900 so you can 4700 milligrams/d (49–122 mmol/d) might have been said to bring about BP decrease in up to dos to help you 6 mm hg to own diastolic BP and 2 to 4 mm hg getting systolic BP. the fresh high variability anywhere between show reflects the brand new variability seen in additional studies. concurrently, the end result away from potassium into BP is actually determined by pretreatment BP level; age; race; sex; comorbid standards; consumption away from salt, magnesium, calcium supplements, and other ions; diet; exercise; weight; sorts of potassium utilized; concomitant medication; and you will lifetime of fool around with. a list of the brand new results of all of the meta-analyses towards outcomes of potassium towards BP up to now are offered during the Figure step 3.
Review of meta-analyses out-of education investigating new blood pressure level-lowering aftereffects of potassium. 25–28 SBP suggests systolic blood pressure levels; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
Though contradictory efficiency regarding the aftereffects of potassium supplements with the BP was indeed stated from https://datingranking.net/es/citas-divorciadas/ inside the clinical studies, 34, 35 new trials has actually shown results in keeping with that of the newest meta-analysis of the Whelton and acquaintances twenty-six (Table II). Gu and colleagues thirty-six learned that reasonable potassium supplementation (sixty mmol KCl) pulled having twelve weeks led to a decrease in systolic BP, not diastolic BP, from inside the an effective Chinese inhabitants. Similarly, Kawano and you may acquaintances 37 reported one an effective cuatro-few days potassium supplements period (during which 64 mmol/d of potassium obtained just like the slow-launch KCl) contributed to small however, significant decreases inside the work environment, home, and you may twenty four-hr BP when you look at the Japanese folks. Braschi and you can associates 38 subsequent checked-out the end result off low-dose potassium supplements for the BP and discovered you to definitely twenty four mmol/d regarding sluggish-launch KCl given to have six days triggered extreme reductions into the suggest arterial pressure and you can diastolic BP from inside the healthy volunteers.
Elements wherein Potassium Lowers BP
The fresh new homeostasis out of sodium and you may potassium takes on a crucial role for the endothelium-centered vasodilatation. 39 Salt maintenance reduces the synthesis regarding nitric oxide, an enthusiastic arteriolar vasodilator elaborated by the endothelial muscle, and you may increases the plasma number of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, an endogenous inhibitor regarding nitric oxide manufacturing. forty a nutrition high in potassium plus increases during the serum potassium, even from inside the physiologic variety, cause endothelium-oriented vasodilatation because of the hyperpolarizing the new endothelial cell by way of pleasure of the salt push and starting potassium channels. 41 While doing so, most other suggested components wherein potassium can be influence BP were natriuresis, modulation off baroreceptor sensitiveness, smaller vasoconstrictive awareness in order to norepinephrine and you can angiotensin II, improved gel and you may urinary kallikrein, enhanced sodium/potassium In the Pase pastime, modification inside DNA synthesis, and you will growth inside vascular smooth strength and you may sympathetic nervous system tissue. 42, 43
Slimming down Assistance to own Potassium
Maintaining an adequate intake of dietary potassium (>90 mmol [3500 mg]/d) has been recommended for the primary prevention of hypertension by the JNC 7.13 The Institute of Medicine has recommended a sodium intake <65 mmol/d (3.8 g/d) and an increase in potassium to 120 mmol/d. 44 In 2006, the American Heart Association issued new guidelines suggesting an increase in potassium intake to 120 mmol/d (4.7 g/d), which is the level provided in the DASH diets in which all food is supplied. 14 The Canadian Hypertension Society recommends that the daily dietary intake of potassium should be ?60 mmol, since this intake has been associated with a reduced risk of stroke-related mortality. 45, 46 The most recent European Society of Hypertension guidelines also support an increased potassium intake based on the DASH diet. 18 In addition, the 2003 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension statement recommends a diet high in fruits and vegetables, a reduction of dietary sodium intake, and increased dietary potassium intake for reducing the incidence of hypertension. 16 Some sources of high-potassium, low-sodium foods are listed in Table III. 47
