Hoberman (1989, 6-7) summarizes and you may runs the newest classifications away from Maclean and Cohen
Thomason and Kaufman (1988, 78-91) strongly recommend a relationship amongst the products and you may concentration of contact anywhere between languages and types of influence hence results. The kinds of transform which are included in Neo-Aramaic appear to fall very with ease into their classification 3 otherwise 4, that are described as hefty lexical borrowing, including minimal credit out-of structural points. Which is, it factors to a population which has usually spoken Aramaic, however, whoever code changed lower than pervasive influence off their communities, rather than the one that keeps then followed Aramaic if you’re preserving top features of its unique language.(3)
A unique difficulty are our restricted knowledge of the modern languages in addition to their taxonomy. The only real current dialect categories are the ones of Maclean (1895, xii-xv), Cohen (1972) and you will Hoberman (1988). The initial a couple are limited to brand new Religious and you may Jewish languages, correspondingly, and you will none can make clear this new requirements on which it is mainly based. Hoberman (1988) is a wonderful study of pronouns and you will pronominal affixes coating a beneficial variety of dialects and incorporating thorough comparative reconstruction; however, these types of investigation assistance not all the firm dialect groupings.
Certain keys restrain progress here. Towards the one-hand, there are many undocumented dialects. The essential urgent activity up against specialists in NA is get together messages and you may grammatical definitions of the many languages that are into verge regarding extinction. Odisho (1988, 19-24) describes the brand new quick retreat of your earlier dialects on the deal with away from a different sort of koine formed regarding cities away from Iraq. Additionally, the data is sketchy and decreased for even of several identified languages. Significantly less than such standards, Macuch implies (1990, 223), we could barely create a comparative grammar from NENA, and you may certainly, from the ongoing state your studies, including a work will be neither complete nor fulfilling. Nonetheless, you should be able to throw particular light for the crucial issues and therefore i have increased by the comparing a range of NA languages to one another, to the other progressive languages, and also to its predecessors.
I’ve selected 11 additional dialects of NENA for our evaluation. They’re chosen as representatives of every of your own really-discussed categories of dialects now known so you’re able to you. As one of our fundamental desires try reviewing the new limitations out of the fresh new NENA product, we shall tend to be both of one other progressive East Aramaic https://datingranking.net/cs/littlepeoplemeet-recenze dialects, Turoyo and you may Mandaic. Concurrently, we’ll neglect the latest languages from Aramaic verbal during the Malula and you may one or two other Syrian towns as the clearly also different to sign up for this talk.
The fresh new eleven NENA languages provided is the after the: Hertevin (Her): Which stands for brand new or even unfamiliar Religious dialects off Anatolia. Simple fact is that western-extremely NENA dialect, in fact it is recognized to all of us from the functions off Jastrow (1971, 1988).
Zakho Jewish (Zakh): So it signifies the fresh Jewish dialects out-of northern Iraq. Pointers comes from multiple provide, along with Sabar (1976), Meehan and you will Alon (1979), and you will Avinery (1988).
Minimum of fieldwork in your neighborhood is enough to explain how many languages have already disappeared
Tisqopa (Ts): This is actually the language out of Tel Eskof on the basic off Mosul and means new Christian languages of area, also referred to as Fellihi. Data is regarding Jo Rubba (individual telecommunications).
Jilu: Here is the language of one’s section away from Jilu inside the southern area of Turkey. The language of your own nearby area out-of Gawar (progressive Yuksekova) is considered by Maclean (1901, ix) as comparable. All of the Neo-Armaic speakers leftover this type of parts in 1915. Info is out-of Fox (1992) and my personal notes.
